When speaking about cylinder head development, the most obvious topic to think about is cylinderhead porting to optimize intake and exhaust flow. But there is more. What happens once the charge has entered the cylinder? What is the interaction with the exhaust? How does it mix and burn? These questions point in the direction of valve positioning and combustion chamber design.
Especially the relative postition between intake and exhaust valve is highly important for the scavenging. This is why some engines like overlap and others don’t. This is why some engines like big cams and others don’t. This is why some engines perform and others don’t. So additional to avoiding intake and exhaust valves hooking up (as typical in hemispherical combustion chambers), their interaction affects scavening as well. Big time.
When having a look at knock and ignition advance, we need to have a close look at flame propagation. Is the mixture where we want it to be? Does it get ignited?on Fast? Really fast? Since the cylinder head is only the roof of the combustion chamber, we need to address the piston shape at the same time. The pockets are a bare necessity to clear the valves. After that, the piston shape gets really interesting.
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